Aida Is the May 4, 2019, Metropolitan Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast

Summary: Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi’s Aida is the May 4, 2019, Metropolitan Opera Saturday matinee broadcast.

Anna Netrebko made her Met Opera role debut as Aida (front), with Anita Rachvelishvili (behind) as rival Amneris, in the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s production of Verdi’s Aida: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Oct. 2, 2018

Nineteenth century Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi’s Aida is the May 4, 2019, Metropolitan Opera Saturday matinee broadcast, airing as number 23 of the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s 24 Saturday matinee radio broadcasts.

Verdi composed the opera’s score for an Italian libretto written by Italian librettist, poet and writer Antonio Ghislanzoni (Nov. 25, 1824-July 16, 1893). The inspiration for Ghislanzoni’s libretto is usually attributed to a scenario by French Egyptologist François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette (Feb. 11, 1821-Jan. 19, 1881).

Aida’s world premiere took place Dec. 24, 1871, in Cairo, northeastern Egypt, at Khedivial Opera House, also known as Royal Opera House. The opera house was inaugurated Nov. 1, 1869, as part of celebrations for the Nov. 17, 1869, opening of the Suez Canal as a connecting waterway between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.

Aida’s European premiere happened Feb. 8, 1872, at Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Lombardy region, north central Italy. La Scala’s most recent hosting of a Verdi premiere had occurred almost three years earlier, with the opening of La Forza del Destino on Feb. 27, 1869.

Aida’s Metropolitan Opera premiere took place Nov. 12, 1886. The 1886-1887 Met Opera season’s four performances of Aida were sung in German.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season offered 14 performances of Aida. Opening night took place Wednesday, Sept. 26, at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time. The month’s second performance occurred Saturday, Sept. 29, at 8 p.m.

Five performances were offered in October. The month’s performances took place Tuesday, Oct. 2, at 7:30 p.m.; Saturday, Oct. 6, at 1 p.m.; Thursday, Oct. 11, at 7:30 p.m.; Monday, Oct. 15, at 7:30 p.m.; Thursday, Oct. 18, at 8 p.m.

Winter performances were offered in January and February. January’s performances, which all began at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time, took place Monday, Jan. 7; Friday, Jan. 11; Monday, Jan. 14; Friday, Jan. 18, at 7:30 p.m. February’s lone performance happened Thursday, Feb. 28, at 7:30 p.m.

Two spring performances were offered, both in March. The month’s performances, which began at 7:30 p.m. EST, took place Monday, March 4, and Thursday, March 7.

The estimated run time for the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s Aida is 3 hours 36 minutes. Act I is estimated at 40 minutes. An intermission of 30 minutes follows. Act II is slated for 43 minutes, followed by an intermission of 36 minutes. Act III is estimated at 67 minutes.

Nicola Luisotta conducted the performances in September, October and January. The Italian conductor’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Oct. 28, 2006, in the opera company’s 881st performance of Tosca by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924). In the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Nicola Luisotta conducted two additional Verdi operas, Rigoletto and La Traviata.

Plácido Domingo conducted the season’s last three performances of Aida (Feb. 28; March 4, 7). The Spanish baritone/tenor’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Sept. 28, 1968, as Maurizio in the opera company’s 16th performance of Adriana Lecouvreur by Italian composer Francesco Cilea (July 23, 1866-Nov. 20, 1950).

Anna Netrebko appeared in the title role for the season’s first five performances (Sept. 26, 29; Oct. 2, 6, 11). The Russian operatic soprano’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Feb. 14, 2002, as Natasha Rostova in the opera house’s premiere of War and Peace by Soviet composer, conductor and pianist Sergei Prokofiev (April 23, 1891-March 5, 1953). In the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Anna Netrebko also sang the title role in Cilea’s Adriana Lecouvreur.

Tamara Wilson appeared in October’s last two performances (Oct. 15, 18) as the conflicted Ethiopian princess. The American operatic soprano reprised her Metropolitan Opera debut role. Her Met Opera debut happened Dec. 26, 2014, in the opera company’s 1,140th performance of Verdi’s Aida.

Sondra Radvanovsky sang the title role for the winter (Jan. 7, 11, 14, 18; Feb. 28) and spring (March 4, 7) performances. The American-Canadian soprano’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Dec. 9, 1996, as Countess Ceprano in the opera house’s 721st performance of Verdi’s Rigoletto. During the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Sondra Radvanovsky also sang the title role of Puccini’s Tosca.

Anita Rachvelishvili appeared as Aida’s rival, Egyptian Princess Amneris, in the season’s autumn performances (Sept. 26, 29; Oct. 2, 6, 11, 15, 18). The Georgian operatic mezzo-soprano’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Jan. 5, 2011, as the title role in the opera company’s 970th performance of Carmen by French Romantic Era composer Georges Bizet (Oct. 25, 1838-June 3, 1875). During the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Anita Rachvelishvili also performed as Princess of Bouillon in Cilea’s Adriana Lecouvreur and in the title role in Samson et Dalila by French Romantic Era composer Camille Saint-Saëns (Oct. 9, 1835-Dec. 16, 1921).

Dolora Zajick appeared as Amneris in January’s performances (Jan. 7, 11, 14, 18). The American mezzo-soprano’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Oct. 8, 1988, as Azucena in the opera company’s 515th performance of Verdi’s Il Trovatore.

Olesya Petrova appeared as Amneris for February’s sole performance and for March’s two performances (March 4, 7). The Russian mezzo-soprano’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened March 24, 2014, as Madelon in the opera company’s 180th performance of Andrea Chénier by Italian verismo (“realism”) composer Umberto Giordano (Aug. 28, 1867-Nov. 12, 1948).

Aleksandrs Antonenko appeared as Radamès, captain of the King of Egypt’s Guard, in September’s two performances (Sept. 26, 29), three October performances (Oct. 2, 6, 11), February’s sole performance (Feb. 28) and March’s two performances (March 4, 7). The Latvian tenor’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened March 9, 2009, as the Prince in the opera company’s 16th performance of Rusalka by Czech composer Antonín Leopold Dvořák (Sept. 8, 1841-May 1, 1904). In the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Aleksandrs Antonenko also performed the title role in Saint-Saëns’ Samson et Dalila.

Yonghoon Lee appeared as Radamès in October’s last two performances (Oct. 15, 18) and in all January performances (Jan. 7, 11, 14, 18). The South Korean operatic tenor’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Nov. 29, 2010, in the title role in the opera company’s 193rd performance of Verdi’s Don Carlo. During the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Yonghoon Lee also performed as Don José in Bizet’s Carmen.

Quinn Kelsey appeared as Aida’s father, Ethiopian King Amonasro, in all September (Sept. 26, 29), October (Oct. 2, 6, 11, 15, 18), February (Feb. 28) and March (March 4, 7) performances. The American baritone’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened March 29, 2008, as Schaunard in the opera company’s 1,194th performance of Puccini’s La Bohème. In the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Quinn Kelsey also performed as Germont in Verdi’s La Traviata.

Roberto Frontali appeared as Amonasro in all January performances (Jan. 7, 11, 14, 18). The Georgian operatic baritone’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Nov. 14, 1992, as Belcore in the opera company’s 196th performance of L’Elisir d’Amore by Italian bel canto composer Gaetano Donizetti (Nov. 29, 1797-April 8, 1848). During the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Roberto Frontali also performed the title role in Verdi’s Rigoletto.

Dmitry Belosselskiy appeared as Egyptian High Priest Ramfis in September (Sept. 26, 29) and October (Oct. 2, 6, 11, 15, 18) performances. The Ukrainian bass made his Metropolitan Opera debut Nov. 5, 2011, as Zaccaria in the opera company’s 54th performance of Verdi’s Nabucco. In the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Dmitry Belosselskiy also performed as The Old Hebrew in Saint-Saëns’ Samson et Dalila, as Fafner in Das Rheingold and in Siegfried by German composer and librettist Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883), and as the Commendatore in Don Giovanni by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791).

Vitalij Kowaljow appeared as Ramfis in all January performances (Jan. 7, 11, 14, 18). The Russian bass made his Metropolitan Opera debut March 17, 2003, as the High Priest in the opera house’s 24th performance of Verdi’s Nabucco. During the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Vitalij Kowaljow also performed as René in Iolanta by Russian late-Romantic composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (May 7, 1840-Nov. 6, 1893).

Štefan Kocán appeared as Ramfis in February’s sole performance (Feb. 28) and in March’s two performances (March 4, 7). The Slovakian bass made his Metropolitan Opera debut Oct. 2, 2009, as the King in the opera company’s 1,104th performance of Verdi’s Aida. In the 2018-2019 Met Opera season Štefan Kocán also performed as the Commendatore in Mozart’s Don Giovanni and as Sparafucile in Verdi’s Rigoletto.

Ryan Speedo Green appeared as the King in September (Sept. 26, 29) and October (Oct. 2, 6, 11, 15, 18) performances. The American bass-baritone’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Sept. 26, 2012, as a Mandarin in the opera company’s 287th performance of Puccini’s Turandot.

Soloman Howard appeared as the King in January (Jan. 7, 11, 14, 18), February (Feb. 28) and March (March 4, 7) performances. The American bass opera singer’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Oct. 30, 2014, as the Second Prisoner in Fidelio by German composer and pianist Ludwig von Beethoven (bapt. Dec. 17, 1770-March 26, 1827).

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s performances of Verdi’s Aida revived staging by Sonja Frisell (Sonja Bettie Frisell-Schröder). The British stage director’s new staging debuted Dec. 8, 1988, in the opera company’s 924th performance of Aida.

Frisell’s production team comprised Gianni Quaranta, set designer; Dada Saligeri, costume designer; Gil Wechsler, lighting designer; and Alexei Ratmansky, choreographer. Stephen Pickover was the production’s revival stage director.

Wagner’s Götterdämmerung aired Saturday, April 27, as the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s 22nd Saturday matinee radio broadcast. Dialogues des Carmélites by French composer Francis Poulenc (Jan. 7, 1899-Jan. 30, 1963) airs May 11, as the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s Saturday matinee broadcast schedule’s closing opera.

Aida aired as the fifth of five Verdi operas on the 2018-2019 Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast roster. La Traviata aired Dec. 15, 2018, as the season’s third Saturday matinee broadcast. Otello, airing Jan. 5, 2019, was the season’s sixth Saturday matinee broadcast. Rigoletto aired Feb. 23, 2019, as number 13. Falstaff, airing March 16, 2019, was the 16th Saturday matinee broadcast.

The takeaway for Aida as the May 4, 2019, Metropolitan Opera Saturday matinee broadcast is that Verdi’s ancient Egypt-themed opera aired as the fifth of five Verdi operas on the 2018-2019 Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast season’s schedule.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s performances of Verdi’s Aida revive staging debuted Dec. 8, 1988, by British stage director Sonja Frisell: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook June 20, 2015

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Anna Netrebko made her Met Opera role debut as Aida (front), with Anita Rachvelishvili (behind) as rival Amneris, in the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s production of Verdi’s Aida: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Oct. 2, 2018, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10161096922820533/

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s performances of Verdi’s Aida revive staging debuted Dec. 8, 1988, by British stage director Sonja Frisell: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook June 20, 2015, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10160682963490533/

For further information:

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Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=354136

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“Debut: Olesya Petrova.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355386 Andrea Chénier {180} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/24/2014.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355386

“Debut: Plácido Domingo.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 216130 Adriana Lecouvreur {16} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/28/1968.
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“Debut: Quinn Kelsey.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352451 La Bohème {1194} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/29/2008.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=352451

“Debut: Roberto Frontali.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 310550 l’Elisir d’Amore {196} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/14/1992.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=310550

“Debut: Soloman Howard.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355599 Aida {1133} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/30/2014.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355599

“Debuts: Alexei Ratmansky, Stefan Kocán, Adam Laurence Herskowitz.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353094 Aida {1104} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/02/2009.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=353094

“Debut: Tamara Wilson, Jennifer Cadden.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355711 Aida {1140} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/26/2014.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355711

“Debut: Vitalij Kowaljow.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 333501 Nabucco {24} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/17/2003.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=333501

“Debut: Yonghoon Lee, Maxime de Toledo.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353647 Don Carlo {193} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/29/2010.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=353647

“Debuts: Alastair Miles, Sondra Radvanovsky, Lee Hamilton.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID:326720 Rigoletto {721} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/9/1996.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=314310

“Debuts: Aleksandrs Antonenko, Brenda Patterson.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352925 Rusalka {16} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/09/2009.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=352925

“Debuts: Alexei Ratmansky, Stefan Kocán, Adam Laurence Herskowitz.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353094 Aida {1104} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/02/2009.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=353094

“Debuts: Anita Rachvelishvili, Margaret Thompson.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353729 Carmen {970} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/05/2011.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=353729

“Debuts: Anna Netrebko . . . .” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] Metropolitan Opera Premiere CID: 350257 War and Peace {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/14/2002.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=350257

“Debuts: Ryan Speedo Green, Oriada Islami Prifti.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 354549 Turandot {287} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/26/2012.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=354549

Marriner, Derdriu. “Aida Is the April 15, 2017, Metropolitan Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, April 10, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/aida-is-april-15-2017-metropolitan.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Falstaff Is the March 16, 2019, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, March 11, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/falstaff-is-march-16-2019-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Götterdämmerung Is the April 27, 2019, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, April 22, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/gotterdammerung-is-april-27-2019-met.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “La Traviata Is the Dec. 15, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Dec. 10, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/la-traviata-is-dec-15-2018-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Otello Is the Jan. 5, 2019, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Dec. 31, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/otello-is-jan-5-2019-met-opera-saturday.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Rigoletto Is the Feb. 23, 2019, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Feb. 18, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/rigoletto-is-feb-23-2019-met-opera.html

Mesa, Franklin. Opera: An Encyclopedia of World Premieres and Significant Performances, Singers, Composers, Librettists, Arias and Conductors, 1597-2000. Jefferson NC; London, England: McFarland & Company, Inc. 2007.

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “Added a new photo.” Facebook. June 20, 2015.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10160682963490533/

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “Listen live to tonight’s performance of Verdi’s Aida starring Anna Netrebko and Anita Rachvelishvili . . .” Facebook. Oct. 2, 2018.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10161096922820533/

“Metropolitan Opera Premiere: Aida.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 5270 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Aida {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/12/1886.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=5270

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Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=294740

Woody Plant Appraisal Data Collection for Shrubs, Trees and Vines

Summary: Plant appraisal data collection acts as accurately and precisely as equipment and experience in tree condition, identification, placement and size allow.

Plant appraisers need to know what they are looking at and for during plant appraisal data collection, especially when they will have to adjust the way of measuring tree height and trunk diameter and height for deformed, gall-riddled, low-branching, sloping, swollen, wounded trees; illustration of rot column moving up from a basal wound: Paul A. Mistretta, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, CC BY 3.0 United States, via Forestry Images

The article Plant Appraisal Data Collection (Part One) appearing in the April 2019 issue of Arborist News and authored by The Council of Tree & Landscape Appraisers advises of more to come.

Plant appraisal data collection brings together tree diameter-, height-, number-based quantitative counts, measurements, rankings and ratings through off- and on-site research of landscape and tree features. It communicates accuracy close to true value and precision close to average value even as it conveys imprecision from random errors and inaccuracy from systematic errors. It dispenses inexactness in short, simple on-site rounding of pi (π), tree heights and trunk diameters to 3.14, the nearest foot and the nearest one-tenth inch.

Plant appraisal data collection entails rounding minimum numbers of digits, two or three in total cost and value estimates, for unbiased results without unduly compromised accuracy.

Greater numbers of significant figures, with $75,649 rounded to $80,000, $76,000 or $75,600, furnishes greater implied precision of plus or minus 12, 1 and 0.1 percent.

Mathematic impacts generate appropriate numbers, as in reliability of estimate at two significant digits guiding cost conclusions, where depreciation gives diminished precision to the overall process. Julian Dunster of Dunster & Associates Environmental Consultants in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, handles plant appraisal data collection as honing what to look at and for. Site information including address, climate, hardiness zone, soil, structures, topography and use from documents, drawings, laws, maps, photographs, plans and surveys initiates plant appraisal data collection.

Plant appraisal data collection judges as negative, neutral or positive plant interactions with such infrastructure as bridges, pavement, power and water systems, roads, sculptures and walls.

Plant appraisal data collection knits condition, identification, placement and size, with palm tree and trunk heights from grade to last-expanded frond and to spear leaf base.

Plant appraisal data collection logs 6- and 12-inch (15- and 30-centimeter) above-grade heights for nursery trunk diameters respectively through and greater than 4 inches (10 centimeters). It measures trunk diameters at 4.5-foot (1.4-meter) and at 1.3- to 1.5-meter (4.3- and 4.9-foot) above-grade heights respectively outside U.S. nurseries and outside the United States. Best-size, field-adjusted representations necessitate high-side and smallest-diameter measurements near 4.5-foot above-grade heights for leaning and vertical slope-planted trunks and for deformed, gall-riddled, low-branching, swollen, wounded trees.

Plant appraisal data collection offers best-size, field-adjusted measurements at 4.5-foot above-grade heights for trunks multi-stemming near ground level and on the perpendicular for flat-grounded, leaning trunks.

Best-size, field-adjusted measurements of trunks multi-stemmed below or above 4.5-foot above-grade heights pinpoint respective 3.5-foot (1.07-meter) heights above the fork bottom and at 4.5-foot above-grade heights.

Basal swelling and excessive trunk flare queue up 4.5-plus-foot above-grade heights or qualify with inaccessible and removed trees for substitute measurements of same-size, same-species area trees. Plant appraisal data collection relies upon calipers and, despite overestimates for other than near-perfect circular trunks and for easy use, tapes for tree trunk diameter estimates. Calipers supply quadratic mean diameters (QMD) from square roots of products of two right-angle diameter measurements, for cross-sectional area estimates even of asymmetric and elliptical trunks.

Plant appraisal data collection tallies cross-sectional areas from trunk circumferences or diameters and teams cross-sectional areas tending away from circular shapes with smaller true circumference areas.

Wounded trees require a different way of measuring their diameters and heights and, in their most damaged conditions, suggest substitute measurements of same-size, same-species area trees; illustration of wounds, cause of decay and defect, with depictions of poorly healed stem stub, poorly healed branch stub, mechanical wound and old fire wound: Paul A. Mistretta, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, CC BY 3.0 United States, via Forestry Images

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Plant appraisers need to know what they are looking at and for during plant appraisal data collection, especially when they will have to adjust the way of measuring tree height and trunk diameter and height for deformed, gall-riddled, low-branching, sloping, swollen, wounded trees; illustration of rot column moving up from a basal wound; illustration of rot column moving up from a basal wound: Paul A. Mistretta, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, CC BY 3.0 United States, via Forestry Images @ https://www.forestryimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=1505078

Wounded trees require a different way of measuring their diameters and heights and, in their most damaged conditions, suggest substitute measurements of same-size, same-species area trees; illustration of wounds, cause of decay and defect, with depictions of poorly healed stem stub, poorly healed branch stub, mechanical wound and old fire wound: Paul A. Mistretta, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, CC BY 3.0 United States, via Forestry Images @ https://www.forestryimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=1505081

For further information:

The Council of Tree & Landscape Appraisers. April 2019. "Plant Appraisal Data Collection (Part One)." Arborist News 28(2): 14-21.

Dunster, J. 2014. Documenting Evidence: Practical Guidance for Arborists. Dunster & Associates Environmental Consultants Ltd. Victoria, BC, Canada: First Choice Books.

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2019. "Balancing Roadside Tree Benefits and Risk of Streetscape Tree Crashes." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/balancing-roadside-tree-benefits-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2019. “Plant Appraisal Estimate, Scope, Data, Analysis, Reconciliation, Report.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/plant-appraisal-estimate-scope-data.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 January 2019. “Urban Tree Vulnerability in Residential Toronto, Ontario, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/urban-tree-vulnerability-in-residential.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2018. "Plant Appraisal: Cost and Value Estimates and Economic Principles." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/plant-appraisal-cost-and-value.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2018. "Six-Year Forest Health Ambassador Program of Oakville, Ontario, Canada." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/six-year-forest-health-ambassador.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2018. "Nursery Production Systems: Tough Urban Landscape Trees on Rough Sites." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/nursery-production-systems-tough-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2018. "Induced-Resistance Agents, Silicon Fertilizers, Synthetic Fungicides." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/induced-resistance-agents-silicon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2018. "Nursery Production Systems for Successful Urban Tree Plantings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/nursery-production-systems-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2018. "Tree Roots Branch in Fabric Containers But Circle and Girdle Plastic." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/tree-roots-branch-in-fabric-containers.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2018. "Wood Decay Fungi Management of Terminal Urban Pathogens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/wood-decay-fungi-management-of-terminal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2018. "Downtown Commercial Streetscape Tree Populations in Toronto, Canada." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/downtown-commercial-streetscape-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2018. “Mushroom-Forming and Non-Mushroom-Forming Fungal Life Cycle Traits.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/mushroom-forming-and-non-mushroom.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2018. “Emerald Ash Borer Rapid Response Community Preparedness Project.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/emerald-ash-borer-rapid-response.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2018. “Tree Retention by Arborists for Wildlife Habitat Friendly Tree Care.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/tree-retention-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2018. “Integrated Vegetation Management Study in North and South Yukon, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Laysan Albatrosses: Earth Day 2019, Five-0 Season 9 Episode 22 Icons

Summary: Laysan albatrosses are Earth Day 2019 and Five-0's O Ke Kumu, O Ka Mana, Ho'opuka 'Ia: The Teacher, the Pupil Let It Come Forth icons April 26, 2019.

Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) Wisdom, 69 years old in 2019, inspires as Earth Day 2019 icon; Wisdom with her chick, Feb. 7, 2017, at nesting site used each year by Wisdom and her mate, Akeakamai; Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (United States Minor Outlying Islands insular area) in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, North Pacific Ocean; photo credit Naomi Blinick/USFWS: National Marine Sanctuaries, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Laysan albatrosses are Earth Day 2019 icons that actualize Hawaii Five-0 series episode O Ke Kumu, O Ka Mana, Ho'opuka 'Ia: The Teacher, the Pupil Let It Come Forth April 26, 2019.

Director Brad Turner and writers Ashley Dizon and Rob Hanning bolster Season 9's 22nd episode with the 'ōlelo a'o ("advice") about bonding between students and teachers. The series' 215th episode overall considers the compassionate conveyor of common sense and correct knowledge who creates all straight-A students and cultivates neither bullying nor favoritism. Wisdom, among Laysan albatrosses of Bonin Islands, French Frigate Shoals, Guadalupe Island, Kaua'i, Laysan Island, Midway Atoll and O'ahu, does duty with Earth Month 2019 icons.

The photogenic 69-year-old Wisdom emerged April 22, 2019, from all other Earth Month 2019 icons as Earth Day 2019 icon of exemplary endurance despite endangering events.

November through July, with a focus from Nov. 20 through Dec. 24, furnish the 40-year life cycles of Laysan albatrosses with breeding months on Pacific islands.

Physically and sexually mature nine-plus-year-old female Laysan albatrosses minimally nine years old gestate 8 days one seasonal brood for a ground-scraped depression amid beach grass and sand. They each have one brown-spotted, buff- to cream-white, 4.25- by 2.72-inch (10.8- by 6.9-centimeter) egg within grass-, leaf-, needle-, twig-honed nests with debris- and sand-heaped rims. Life-mated parents initiate shared 62- to 66-day incubations and then 51-day instructions, alternated with foraging itineraries, of their dark, downy, fluffy, gray-white, open-eyed, 7-ounce (198.45-gram) hatchling.

Laysan albatrosses juggle semi-independent life cycles as Earth Day 2019 icons since female Laysan albatrosses journey between nearby roosts and nestling nests during Earth Month 2019.

Laysan albatrosses keep away from Pacific Rim continents and know Pacific islands as nestlings, until fledging as 165-day-olds, and during yearly homecomings from three years onward.

Laysan albatrosses never look to ship-tossed leftover food even through they lead insular and marine lives off eastern Asia, Pacific Ocean islands and western North America. Broad-based, dark-tipped, hooked yellow-orange bills and pink-footed legs mine coastal-shelf and open-sea waves for coral, crabs, fish, fish eggs, hydra, jellyfish, lobsters, sea anemone and squid. Dark-backed, dark-tailed, dark-underwinged, white-headed, white-rumped, white-undersided Phoebastria immutabilis (from Greek Φοῖβος, "bright" and Ἀστραῖα, "star-maiden" and Latin immūtābilis, "unchangeable") net dark-margined white underwings and gray-patched eyes.

Laysan albatrosses, observed by Walter Rothschild (Feb. 8, 1868-Aug. 27, 1937), obtain 5.25- to 9.04-pound (2.4 to 4.1-kilogram), 31.10- to 31.89-inch (79- to 81-centimeter) head-body-tail lengths.

The Procellariiformes (from Latin procella, "storm"; -ārius, "belonging to"; and -fōrmis, "formed") tubenose order gliding, rolling, soaring member possesses 6.25- to 6.7-foot (1.9- to 2.03-meter) wingspans.

The Diomedeidae (from Greek Διός, μήδεα and -ειδής, "prudent like Zeus") albatross family member queues into braying, dancing, groaning, moaning, squeaking, swaying, whining, whinnying, whistling colonies. Laysan albatrosses realize 34.79-mile (56-kilometer) hourly speeds in 497.09-mile (800-kilometer) spurts within 18,919,005.77-square-mile (49,000,000-square-kilometer) coastal-shelf and open-sea flying, foraging, sleeping ranges and insular breeding, parenting ranges. Air-, land-, water-polluting marine debris and plastic waste from shipping lane cruisers and freighters and drift-gill netting and long-line and trawler fishing shorten near-threatened Laysan albatross lifespans.

Their individual 93,205.68-mile (150,000-kilometer) Pacific territorial ranges turn Laysan albatrosses up in time as Earth Day 2019 icons for Season 9 of the Hawaii Five-0 series.

Hawaii Five-0 Task Force Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett (Alex O'Loughlin) with Chief Medical Examiner Dr. Noelani Cunha (Kimee Balmilero) in CBS TV's Hawaii Five-0 season 9, episode 22, O Ke Kumu, O Ka Mana, Ho'opuka 'Ia (The Teacher, the Pupil Let It Come Forth): CBS Hawaii Five-0 episode 9.22 promotional photo via SpoilerTV April 20, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) Wisdom, 69 years old in 2019, inspires as Earth Day 2019 icon; Wisdom with her chick, Feb. 7, 2017, at nesting site used each year by Wisdom and her mate, Akeakamai; Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (United States Minor Outlying Islands insular area) in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, North Pacific Ocean; photo credit Naomi Blinick/USFWS: National Marine Sanctuaries, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PMNM_-_Wisdom_And_New_2017_Chick_(33181525601).jpg

Hawaii Five-0 Task Force Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett (Alex O'Loughlin) with Chief Medical Examiner Dr. Noelani Cunha (Kimee Balmilero) in CBS TV's Hawaii Five-0 season 9, episode 22, O Ke Kumu, O Ka Mana, Ho'opuka 'Ia (The Teacher, the Pupil Let It Come Forth): CBS Hawaii Five-0 episode 9.22 promotional photo via SpoilerTV April 20, 2019, @ https://www.spoilertv.com/2019/04/hawaii-five-0-episode-922-o-ke-kumu-o.html

For further information:

BirdLife International 2018. "Laysan Albatross - Phoebastria immutabilis." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22698365A132643073. http://.dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698365A132643073.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698365/132643073

BirdLife International 2019. Species Factsheet: Phoebastria immutabilis."
Available @ http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/laysan-albatross-phoebastria-immutabilis

Hamilton, Calvin; and Rosanna Hamilton. "Laysan Albatrosses." ScienceViews > Animals.
Available @ http://scienceviews.com/animals/laysanalbatross.html

"Laysan Albatross." Cornell University > Cornell Lab of Ornithology > All About Birds > Bird Guide > Search.
Available @ https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Laysan_Albatross/overview

"Laysan Albatross." Monterey Bay Aquarium > Animals & Exhibits > Animal Guide > Birds.
Available @ https://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animal-guide/birds/laysan-albatross

"Laysan Albatross - Phoebastria immutabilis." NatureWorks > Nature Files > Animals > 106.
Available @ https://nhpbs.org/natureworks/laysan.htm

"Laysan Albatrosses' Plastic Problem." Smithsonian > Ocean Life > Seabirds.
Available @ https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/seabirds/laysan-albatrosses-plastic-problem

Lin, Tiffany. 2007. "Phoebastria immutabilis Laysan Albatross." The Animal Diversity Web (On-Line) > Browse Animalia > Animals > Search ADW > Taxon Information.
Available @ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Phoebastria_immutabilis/

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2019. "Pueo Hawaiian Short-Eared Owls and Hawaii Five-0's He Kama Na Ka Pueo." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/pueo-hawaiian-short-eared-owls-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 April 2019. "Hau Hawaiian Sea Hibiscus, Ma'a Hawaiian Sling, Five-0's Way of the Gun." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/hau-hawaiian-sea-hibiscus-maa-hawaiian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2019. “Five-0’s Hawaiian He’e Big Blue Day Octopus of the Deep Spews Its Ink.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/five-0s-hawaiian-hee-big-blue-day.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2019. “Hawaii Five-0's Ai No I Ka 'Ape He Mane'o No Ko Ka Nuku: Itchy Mouths.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/hawaii-five-0s-ai-no-i-ka-ape-he-maneo.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 February 2019. “Offer Young Taro Leaves To Hawaii Five-0 Episode E'ao Lu'au A Kualima.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/offer-young-taro-leaves-to-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2019. “Kanawao Shrub Fruits for Hawaii Five-0's Hapai Ke Kuko, Hanau Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/kanawao-shrub-fruits-for-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2019. “Five-0 Hawaiian Rain Gardens Not Made Prisoner by the Reign of the Rain.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/five-0-hawaiian-rain-gardens-not-made.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2019. “Humpback Whales Depressed With the Heat in Keawalua on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/humpback-whales-depressed-with-heat-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2019. “No 'Awa Or Kava Shrubs If Those Above Are Descending on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/no-awa-or-kava-shrubs-if-those-above.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2019. “Kikui Tree Leaves for Hawaii Five-0 2010's Ka Hauli O Ka Mea Hewa 'Ole.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/kikui-tree-leaves-for-hawaii-five-0.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2019. “Hawaii Five-0 Gone on the Road, Without Koa Wood Outrigger Canoes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/hawaii-five-0-gone-on-road-without-koa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2018. “Ponderosa Pine Trees for When a Hawaii Five-0 2010 House Is Dark.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/ponderosa-pine-trees-for-when-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2018. “Hawaiian Pili Grass Houses: Hawaii Five-0 2010 When the Light Goes Out.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/hawaiian-pili-grass-houses-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2018. “Ko'a Black Coral for Hawaii Five-0 2010's Truth Comes from the Night.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/koa-black-coral-for-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2018. “Hawaiian Goose Nēnē: Birds of a Feather Episode on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawaiian-goose-nene-birds-of-feather.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2018. “Hawaiian Horses, Chang and McGarrett: Hawaii Five-0 2010 200th Episode.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawaiian-horses-chang-and-mcgarrett.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2018. “Olonā Hawaiian Nettle Shrubs for Hawaii Five-0 Emergency Landings?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/olona-hawaiian-nettle-shrubs-for-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2018. “Gernika Genocide Survivor Art Before Hawaii Five-0 Prophetic Child Art.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/gernika-genocide-survivor-art-before.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 October 2018. “Hawaiian Beach Sand: Hawaii Five-0 2010's On the Slope of the Cliff.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-beach-sand-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2018. “Proverbial Cowrie Sea Snails for the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ninth Season.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/proverbial-cowrie-sea-snails-for-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 October 2018. “Lamian or Ramen Noodles: Hawaii Five-0's The Man Who Fell From the Sky.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/lamian-or-ramen-noodles-hawaii-five-os.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2018. “Gutta-Percha Trees and Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ninth Season Premiere Cocoon.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/gutta-percha-trees-and-hawaii-five-o.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 September 2018. “Ki'i Pōhaku Petroglyphs: Ancients Exposed on Five-0's Waiho Wale Kahiko.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/kii-pohaku-petroglyphs-ancients-exposed.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2018. “Hawaiian Rain Gardens for Five-0's Tough Branch That Does Not Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/hawaiian-rain-gardens-for-five-0s-tough.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2018. “Noni for Hawaii Five-0's Ka Hana A Ka Makua, O Ka Hana No Ia A Keiki.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/noni-for-hawaii-five-0s-ka-hana-ka.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 April 2018. “'Āliamanu Salt Lake and Five-0's Kopi Wale No I Ka I'a A 'Eu No Ka Ilo.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/aliamanu-salt-lake-and-five-0s-kopi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2018. “Hawaii Five-0 Episode Ahuwale Ka Nane Hina: Uku Hawaiian Gray Snappers.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/hawaii-five-0-episde-ahuwale-ka-nane.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2018. “'Iwa Great Frigatebirds: Five-0's He Lokomaika'i Ka Manu O Kaiona.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/iwa-great-frigatebirds-five-0s-he.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2018. “Chinese Juniper Shrubs on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/chinese-juniper-shrubs-on-hawaii-five-0.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2018. “Bonsai Gardening on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/bonsai-gardening-on-hawaii-five-0-2010.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2018. “'Ulu Hawaiian Breadfruit To Do One's Duty on Five-0's E Ho'oko Kuleana.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/ulu-hawaiian-breadfruit-to-do-ones-duty.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2018. “Chlorine Gas on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Holapu Ke Ahi Koe Iho Ka Lehu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/chlorine-gas-on-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 March 2018. “Golden Plovers and Stars of Heaven Know Where Pae Is on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/golden-plovers-and-stars-of-heaven-know.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2018. “A Coral Reef Strengthens Out to Land on Hawaii Five-0 with Lobe Corals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/a-coral-reef-strengthens-out-to-land-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 January 2018. “No Southern House Mosquitoes on Hawaii Five-0's Na Keikia Kalaihaohia.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/no-southern-house-mosquitoes-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 January 2018. “What Is Gone Is Not Hawaiian Bobtail Squid on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/what-is-gone-is-not-hawaiian-bobtail.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2018. “Criminals Rare as Guernsey Dairy Cattle on Hawaii Five-0 The Roundup.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/criminals-rare-as-guernsey-dairy-cattle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2018. “Hawaiian Cattle Roundups and Hawaii Five-0 2010 The Roundup Criminals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/hawaiian-cattle-roundups-and-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2010. “Hawaii Shave Ice Images and Take-Outs on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ho'apono.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-shave-ice-images-and-take-outs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 November 2010. “Hawaiian Wild Boars Around Hawaii Five-0 2010's North Shore of O'ahu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-wild-boars-around-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 November 2010. “Limu Lipoa Hawaiian Seaweed on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Nalowale.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/limu-lipoa-hawaiian-seaweed-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2010. “Hawaiian Blueberry Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pancakes.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-blueberry-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2010. “Hawaii Five-0 2010: Respect the Land and the Pizza Without Pineapples?” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-five-0-2010-respect-land-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 November 2010. “Pygmy Hippopotamuses for Grace of the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Family?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pygmy-hippopotamuses-for-grace-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2010. “Pineappley Hala Tree Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pilot.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pineappley-hala-tree-botanical.html

"O Ke Kumu, O Ka Mana, Ho'opuka 'Ia." Hawaii Five-0: The Ninth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, April 26, 2019.

Robertson, Christopher John Rutherford. "Laysan Albatross Diomedea immutabilis." In: Michael Hutchins, Jerome A. Jackson, Walter J. Bock and Donna Olendorf, editors. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second edition. Volume 8, Birds I: 122-123. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2002.

Rothschild, Walter. 17 May 1893. "Diomedea Immutabilis, sp.n." Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, volume I (Session 1892-3), no. IX: xlviii. London, England: R. H. Porter, July 1893.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32475190

Seattle Audubon Society. "Laysan Albatross." BirdWeb > Birds.
Available @ http://www.birdweb.org/birdweb/bird/laysan_albatross