Earth and Space News

Saturday, April 25, 2020

Mamaki Tea, Not Coffee on Magnum's The Night Has Eyes, Aids Alertness

Summary: Mamaki tea, not coffee on Magnum's The Night Has Eyes Apr. 24, 2020, aids alertness and arises from mamaki trees appreciated by kamemeha butterflies.

Mamaki tea, not coffee on Magnum's The Night Has Eyes crime action drama television series episode Apr. 24, 2020, aids alertness, alleviates anguish and arises from mamaki trees appreciated by kamemeha butterflies.

Director David Straiton and writer Ashley Charbonnet build Season Two's 17th episode, series' 37th overall, around a baffling break-in for a silver urn with 10-year-old ashes. Honolulu Police Department officers, Detective Gordon Katsumoto (Tim Kang) and private investigators Juliet Higgins (Perdita Weeks) and Thomas Magnum (Jay Hernandez) come to the Yang residence. All but Higgins and Magnum depart upon discovering that Lynn Yang's (Kheng Hua Tan) husband Richard disappeared the previous night as abducted ashes, not abducted person.

Perhaps fresh, hot coffee in Lynn's glass serving set energizes Magnum into equating his parking-ticket experience near a branch-covered "No Parking" sign with the yesternight thief.

Traditional Hawaiians favoring ancient Hawaiian foods furnish family and friends endemic (among one's people, from Greek ἐν, "in" and δῆμος, "people") mamaki tea, not non-native coffee.

Brown, elliptical, flattened, shiny, 0.06-inch- (1.5-millimeter-) long seeds germinating within two to three weeks or 4- to 6-inch- (10.16- to 15.24-centimeter-) long cuttings generate mamaki trees. Mamaki trees, from the second year in five-plus-year life cycles, annually have hundreds of brown-white, brown-yellow, gray, oval seeds from hundreds of fleshy, raspberry-like, white fruits. The ball-like, dry, 0.51 (13-millimeter) diameter fruits with their dry, enlarged, hardened, seed-bearing, sepal-bearing, whorled calyxes (from κάλυξ, "husk") incline along gray- to red-brown, stout branches.

Bland-tasting to semi-sweet fruits join evergreen mamaki tea leaves on sap-moistened branches with raised-dotted outer bark over fibrous, green-streaked, mucilaginous, near-tasteless inner bark over white sapwood.

Variable 200- to 6,100-foot (60.96- to 1,859.28-meter) altitudes and average annual rainfall, with 100-inch (2,540-millimeter) maximums, kindle gray, brown-white, brown-yellow, white-yellow fruits with coarse, sparse hairs.

Clustered flowers launch year-round seeding from year-round fruiting from year-round flowering near leaf-stem axils (junctures, from Latin axillus, armpit) and fine-haired, gray-haired, large-noded, somewhat zigzagged twigs. Female and male reproductive parts mostly manifest themselves in separate gray, hairy, rounded, 0.24- to 0.51-inch (6- to 13-millimeter) diameter clusters on the same, self-pollinating tree. Female flowers net fine-haired, four-toothed, urn-shaped calyxes; hairy, long-styled pistils; and ovaries whereas cup-shaped, fine-haired, four-lobed, four-stamened calyxes nestle into not even 0.12-inch- (3-millimeter-) long males.

Mamaki trees offer no stalks, and often no petal-organizing corollas (from Latin corōlla, "wreathlet"), for their alternate-occurring flowers near alternate-occurring leaves so obliging for mamaki tea.

Hairy, slender, 1- to 3-inch- (2.54- to 7.62-centimeter-) tall stalks present 2- to 12-inch- (5.08- to 30.48-centimeter-) long, 1.25- to 6-inch- (3.18- to 15.24-centimeter-) wide leaves.

Fine-haired, gray-white undersides; green, semi-rough upper-sides; three base-to-tip, red, semi-sunken veins; and wavy-toothed edges qualify as quintessential blunt to round-based, long-tipped, thin to semi-thickened mamaki leaves. Leaves reaping boron, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus and sodium rouse ants, aphids, grasshoppers, larval kamehameha butterflies, mealybugs, rose beetles, spider mites, spittlebugs and thrips. Semi-dry, wet forests and valleys everywhere Hawaiian but Kahoolawe and Niihau shelter 10- to 15-foot- (3.05- to 4.57-meter-) high, spaced, spreading trees with 1-foot (0.31-meter) diameters.

Traditional Hawaiians treasure accent, containerized, hedge, landscape-screening, shade-garden, understory mamaki trees for coffee-like dried-leaf mamaki tea and uncoffee-like fresh fruits, fresh-leaf vegetables and thwacked-bark, treated-bark textiles.

Thomas Magnum (Jay Hernandez) briefly revisits a doctor masquerade in Magnum P.I's The Night Has Eyes (season 2 episode 17); Magnum's first doctor masquerade occurred in Black Is the Widow (season 1 episode 17): Magnum P.I. @MagnumPICBS, via Facebook April 24, 2020

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

flowering habit of Hawaiian māmaki nettle-family plant (Pipturus albidus, from Greek πίπτω, "to fall" and οὐρά, "tail"; and Latin οὐρά, "tail"; and Latin albidus, "white"; classified scientifically by William Hooker [July 6, 1785-Aug. 12, 1865] and George Walker-Arnott [Feb. 6, 1799-June 17, 1868], Asa Gray [Nov. 18, 1810-Jan. 30, 1888] and Horace Mann [May 4, 1796-Aug. 2, 1859]); Ko'olau Gap, Haleakalā National Park, East, Maui, Hawaii; Wednesday, July 13, 2011, 08:53: Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY SA 3.0 United States, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr-110713-7193-Pipturus_albidus-flowering_habit-Koolau_Gap-Maui_(24472394973).jpg; Forest and Kim Starr (Starr Environmental), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/starr-environmental/24472394973/; Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 4.0 International, via Starr Environmental @ http://www.starrenvironmental.com/images/image/?q=24472394973

Fern, Ken. 2014. "Pipturus albidus." The Ferns Useful Tropical Plants Database. > Search > Browse Common Names > M. Last updated 13 June 2019.
http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Pipturus+albidus

Garrett. 23 October 2013. "Mamaki." Hawaiian Native Plants > Hawaiian Plants > Our Plants > Select Plant Name. Copyright 2020.
Available @ https://hawaiiannativeplants.com/ourplants/mamaki/

Herring, E. "Pipturus albicus." University of Hawaii at Manoa > College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources > Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database. Last updated 11 March 2000.
Available @ https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/hawnprop/plants/pip-albi.htm

Kartika, H.; J. Shido; S.T. Nakamoto; Q.X. Li; and W.T. Iwaoka. February 2011. "Nutrient and Mineral Composition of Dried Mamaki Leaves (Pipturus albidus) and Infusions." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 24(1): 44-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2010.03.027 H.KartikaaJ.ShidoaS.T.NakamotoaQ.X.LibW.T.Iwaoka
Available @ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889157510001900

Krauss, Beatrice H. 2001. "Māmaki." Plants in Hawaiian Medicine. Illustrated by Martha Noyes. Honolulu HI: The Bess Press, Inc.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=Ku9pNKSsPTkC&pg=PA85&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false

Little, Elbert L., Jr.; and Roger G. Skolmen. 1989. "Mamaki." Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced). Agriculture Handbook no. 679. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Reprint version published by the University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, 2003.
Available via Wayback Machine @ https://web.archive.org/web/20090918064939/http://www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Pipturus_albidus.pdf

Mann, Horace. 11 September 1866. "430. Pipturus albidus, Gray, ined." Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. VII From May, 1865, to May, 1868.Selected From the Records. 7: 201. Boston and Cambridge MA: Welch, Bigelow, and Company, 1868.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3068850
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofam07amer/page/200/mode/2up

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 April 2020. "Tiger Mosquitoes Annoy Magnum's Death Is Only Temporary and Farewell to Love." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/tiger-mosquitoes-annoy-magnums-death-is.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2020. "Maui's Fishhook Manaiakalani Arrived After Magnum's Farewell to Love." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/mauis-fishhook-manaiakalani-arrived.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2020. "Olive Ridley Sea Turtles Are Helped by Magnum’s Murder Is Never Quiet." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/olive-ridley-sea-turtles-are-helped-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 April 2020. "Kamehameha Butterflies Perhaps Are on Magnum's Say Hello to Your Past." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/kamehameha-butterflies-perhaps-are-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2020. "Hawaiian House Mice Are Not Playing Magnum's A Game of Cat and Mouse." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/hawaiian-house-mice-are-not-playing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2020. "Iliahi Forest Sandalwood Aims at What Magnum's Black Is the Widow Aims." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/iliahi-forest-sandalwood-aims-at-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2020. "Beach Naupaka Are Security Hedges for Magnum's Mondays Are For Murder." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/beach-naupaka-are-security-hedges-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2020. "Hoi Hawaiian Bitter Yams Are Symbols for Magnum's Desperate Measures." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/hoi-hawaiian-bitter-yams-are-symbols.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2019. "Kauna'oa Devil Dodder Abides Around Magnum's Day I Met the Devil." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/kaunaoa-devil-dodder-abides-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2019. "Kauna'oa Hawaiian Red Algae Affirm Aspects of Magnum's Blood Brothers." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/kaunaoa-hawaiian-red-algae-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 November 2019. "Ka'upu Black-Footed Albatrosses Avert Magnum's A Bullet Named Fate." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/kaupu-black-footed-albatrosses-avert.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2019. "Maiapilo Hawaiian Capers Are Absent From Magnum's He Came by Night." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/maiapilo-hawaiian-capers-are-absent.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2019. "Lama Hawaiian Ebony Persimmon Augurs Magnum's Man in the Secret Room." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/lama-hawaiian-ebony-persimmon-augurs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2019. "Milo Pacific Rosewood Applies Five-0's All Knowledge to Magnum's Lie." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/milo-pacific-rosewood-applies-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 October 2019. "Hawaiian Hoary Bats Acquit Five-0's Ghosts, Magnum's Make It 'Til Dawn." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/hawaiian-hoary-bats-acquit-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 October 2019. "Molassesgrass Appalls Five-0's Tiny Is the Flower, Magnum's Dead Inside." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/molassesgrass-appalls-five-0s-tiny-is.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2019. "Akohekohe Honeycreepers Attack Like Magnum PI's Knight Lasts Forever." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/akohekohe-honeycreepers-attack-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2019. "Hawaiian Quilts Are More Cryptic Than Magnum PI's Honor Among Thieves." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/hawaiian-quilts-are-more-cryptic-than.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2019. "Ti Tree Root Okolehao Applies To Magnum PI's Payback Is For Beginners." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/ti-tree-root-okolehao-applies-to-magnum.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 September 2019. "Yellow Fever Mosquitoes Air a Killer on Magnum's A Kiss Before Dying." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/yellow-fever-mosquitoes-air-killer-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2019. "Hawaii Mamo Feathers Are Like Gold Necklaces on Magnum's Die He Said." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/hawaii-mamo-feathers-are-like-gold.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 September 2019. "Koloa Maoli Hawaiian Ducks Are One Duck Less on Magnum's Sudden Death." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/koloa-maoli-hawaiian-ducks-are-one-duck.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2019. "Makou Hawaiian Buttercups Add No Aconitine to Magnum's I, the Deceased." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/makou-hawaiian-buttercups-add-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2018. "Makiawa Hawaiian Sardines Appease Magnum PI's The Cat Who Cried Wolf." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/makiawa-hawaiian-sardines-appease.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2018. "Hawaiian Dolphinfish Mahi-Mahi Abide by Magnum PI's From the Head Down." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-dolphinfish-mahi-mahi-abide-by.html

"The Night Has Eyes." Magnum PI: The Second Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, April 24, 2020.

"Pipturus albidus." Native Plants Hawai'i > Browse Plants > Listing of Native Hawaiian Plants.
Available @ http://nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/pipturus_albidus

Snow, Jade. 20 September 2018. "The Mamaki Movement." Hawai'i Magazine. First published in Fall 2018 print issue of Hawaii Farm & Food Magazine. Copyright 2020.
Available @ https://www.hawaiimagazine.com/content/mamaki-movement

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Available @ https://tropicalselfsufficiency.com/mamaki-pipturus-albidus/

Friday, April 24, 2020

Ellora Hindu Cave 28 Accesses Waterfall Rainbows Over Ellora Caves

Summary: Ellora Hindu Cave 28 affords waterfall rainbows as most ancient cavern centrally anchored under a basalt cliff in the Ellora Caves of Maharashtra, India.

the waterfall that rainbows Ellora Hindu Cave 28 (behind waterfall; lower left center); Ellora Caves, Maharashtra state, western peninsular India; Monday, Sep. 12, 2016, 14:54: Ms Sarah Welch, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Ellora Hindu Cave 28 allows waterfall rainbows for cave architecture and art admirers at the adorned entry to the most ancient cave temple in the Ellora Caves, Maharashtra state, western peninsular India.

Ellora Hindu Cave 28, one of 34 cave temples and of 100-plus burrowed caverns built into basalt cliffs, boasts a beautiful base beneath a clifftop stream. The 1.24-mile (2-kilometer-) long basaltic scarp in the Sahyadri Hills (from Sanskrit सह्याद्रि, "benevolent") contains a freshwater stream that cascades downward past Ellora Hindu Cave 28. Ellora Hindu Cave 28 perhaps develops the highest humidity and moisture levels in the 800 to 1,600-year-old Ellora Caves dedicated to Buddhist, Hindu and Jain devotees.

The clifftop stream entertains Ellora Hindu Cave 28 visitors with any wildlife that still exists around the fifth through thirteenth-century cave temples of the Ellora Caves.

Ellora Hindu Cave 28, with 1,400-year-old cave temple architecture and sculptures from no later than the mid-seventh century, furnishes neither water nor wildlife fancies and functions.

The cave numbers to the Ellora Caves locationally guide the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Centre (WHC) site staff and visitors. They help with pedestrian traffic heading from southerly Buddhist caves 1 through 12, central Hindu caves 13 through 29 and northerly Jain caves 30 through 34. They indicate nothing of initial through terminal cave temple excavations, paintings and sculptures even as they integrate Buddhist, Hindu and Jain meditation in their installation order.

Buddhist, Hindu and Jain meditators journey from and to their spiritual centers even as itinerant artisans journeyed to the physical center of the subsequent Ellora Caves.

Itinerant artisans knew subsequent Ellora Hindu Cave 28 as physical center of the basalt cliff and perhaps also of the clifftop stream that kindled rainbow waterfalls.

Buddhist, Hindu and Jain itinerant artisans and merchants and itinerant and resident monks lodged in their religion's respectively painted, sculpted cave temples in the Ellora Caves. The Hindu rulers of the sixth through seventh-century Kalachuri dynasty, from their capital north of modern Maharashtra state, made the first Ellora Caves Hindu cave temples. From their royal niches at Manishmati, somewhere on the Narmada River banks between nowaday Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra states, Kalachuri rulers perhaps nurtured Hindu itinerant artisans.

Ellora Hindu Cave 28 anciently offered simple, stark organizations of vestibule, dormitory cells and shrine for itinerant merchants and monks to occupy and observe daily devotions.

Ellora Hindu Cave 28 preserves a square altar's stone base and two sets of religious statues as earliest Hindu sculpted sacred objects in the Ellora Caves.

Itinerant artisans queued up one dvarapala (from Sanskrit द्वारपाला, "guard [of god Kubera's wealth]") guardian on each side of the Ellora Hindu Cave 28 shrine door. The door statues perhaps revere Vaishnava (from Sanskrit वैष्णव) representatives as traditional respecters of Vishnu (from Sanskrit विष्णु, "all-pervader") as Ekadeva (from Sanskrit एकदेव, "Supreme Lord"). The front wall shelters a sculpted Mahadevi (from Sanskrit महादेवी, "great goddess"), eight-armed deity synonymous with Parvati, spouse of Mahadeva (from Sanskrit महादेव, "great god") Shiva.

Ellora Hindu Cave 28 perhaps tells most truly, with cliffside waterfall rainbows and clifftop stream, whether amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles travel around the Ellora Caves.

entrance to Ellora Hindu Cave 28; Ellora Caves, Maharashtra state, western peninsular India; Wikimedia Commons page created Tuesday, Sep. 6, 2016, 05:33, via UploadWizard: Anupamg, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

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Marriner, Derdriu. 17 April 2020. "Ellora Caves Are Arranged as Buddhist, Hindu and Jain Cave Temples." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/ellora-caves-are-arranged-as-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2020. "Are Indian Ring-Necked Rose-Ringed Parakeets Still at Ellora Caves?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/are-indian-ring-necked-rose-ringed.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 April 2020. "Indian Three-Striped Palm Squirrels Augur the Hindu Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/indian-three-striped-palm-squirrels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 March 2020. "Ellora Caves Accept Walking Meditations Advocated by Thich Nhat Hanh." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/ellora-caves-accept-walking-meditations.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 March 2020. "Ellora Caves Ally with Ajanta Caves and Thich Nhat Hanh in Indra's Net." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/ellora-caves-ally-with-ajanta-caves-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 March 2020. "Ellora Caves Are Painted, Sculpted Temples Like and Unlike Ajanta Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/ellora-caves-are-painted-sculpted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2020. "Ailing Ellora Caves Are Among Ameliorable World Heritage Centre Sites." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/ailing-ellora-caves-are-among.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2020. "Schneider's Leaf-Nosed Bats Are Artful Annihilators at Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/schneiders-leaf-nosed-bats-are-artful.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 February 2020. "Greater Indian False Vampire Bats Are Artful Assassins at Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/greater-indian-false-vampire-bats-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 February 2020. "Are Grey Junglefowl Avoiding Artful Areas Around Ellora Caves?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/are-grey-junglefowl-avoiding-artful.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 February 2020. "Blue Indian Peafowl No Longer Prettify the Artistic Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/blue-indian-peafowl-no-longer-prettify.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2020. "Ellora Caves Sanctuary Gardens Artfully Adjoin Ellora Caves Artistry." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 24 January 2020. "Ellora Caves Teak Forest Trees Anchor Ellora Caves Rain Gardens." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/ellora-caves-teak-forest-trees-anchor.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 January 2020. "Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings and Gardens and Bhimbetka Sanctuary Gardens." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/ajanta-cave-wall-paintings-and-gardens.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 January 2020. "Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings, Ajanta Rain Gardens, Bhimbetka Rain Gardens." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/ajanta-cave-wall-paintings-ajanta-rain.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh, Indra's Net at Bat Nha and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Wednesday, April 22, 2020

Apollo 13 Imaged Far Side’s Mandel’shtam Crater During Lunar Flyby

Summary: Apollo 13 imaged the far side’s Mandel’shtam Crater during a lunar flyby that coursed behind the moon Wednesday, April 15, 1970.

Apollo 13 imaged the far side’s Mandel’shtam Crater during a lunar flyby that coursed the spacecraft behind the moon Wednesday, April 15, 1970.

The Apollo 13 mission launched Saturday, April 11, 1970, at 19:13 Greenwich Mean Time (2:13 p.m. Eastern Standard Time) as the Apollo space program’s seventh manned and third lunar landing mission. Key goals aimed for lunar landing in and exploration of the lunar highlands northeast of Mare Cognitum (Sea That Has Become Known), around Fra Mauro Crater.

A catastrophic cryogenic oxygen tank problem in the spacecraft's Service Module, however, impelled Command Module Odyssey Pilot John “Jack” Leonard Swigert Jr. (Aug. 30, 1931-Dec. 27, 1982) to report Tuesday, April 14, at 03:08:20 GMT (Monday, April 13, at 10:08 p.m. EST) that ". . . we've had a problem here.” Swigert’s report occurred at 055:55:20 Ground Elapsed Time (GET). Ground Elapsed Time sets to zero at “the last integral second before liftoff,” according to freelance space writer Richard W. Orloff in his Apollo by the Numbers, first published by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 2001. GET counts forward in hours, minutes and seconds (hhh:mm:ss) from Range Zero.

Command Module Odyssey’s devastating problems deprived Commander James Arthur Lovell Jr. (born March 25, 1928) and Lunar Module Aquarius Pilot Fred Wallace Haise Jr. (born Nov. 14, 1933) of their lunar landing. The mission switched into a rescue operation, with NASA’s urgent focus on safely and timely returning Commander Lovell, LMP Haise and Command Module Pilot John “Jack” leonard Swigert Jr. (Aug. 30, 1931-Dec. 27, 1982) to Earth.

The free-return trajectory to Earth required a continued course to the moon and a circumlunar trajectory to achieve a trans-Earth trajectory into Earth’s sphere of influence. The spacecraft’s lunar flyby entailed a communications blackouts during the traversal of the moon’s far side.

Entrance into lunar occultation began Wednesday, April 15, at 00:21:35 GMT (7:21 p.m. EST; 077:08:35 GET) with the Apollo 13 spacecraft’s reach of the moon’s far side. Lunar occultation and radio silence ended 24 minutes 45 seconds later, at 00:46:10 GMT (7:46 p.m. EST; 077:33:10 GET), with the spacecraft’s emergence from the far side.

Mandel’shtam Crater is one of the features in the lunar far side’s northern hemisphere that was photographed during the Apollo 13 spacecraft’s flyby. Black-and-white, 50-year-old images reveal the crater at the horizon in oblique views looking northeast from the spacecraft.

The battered crater is centered at 5.7 degrees north latitude and 162.39 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. As a northern hemisphere crater, its northernmost and southernmost latitudes reach 8.7 degrees north and 2.7 north degrees, respectively. As an eastern hemisphere crater, its easternmost and westernmost longitudes extend to 165.4 degrees east and 159.37 degrees east, respectively. Its diameter spans 181.89 kilometers.

Mandel’shtam Crater parents eight named satellites. The largest satellite, Mandel’shtam A, with a diameter of 61.94 kilometers, claims the central portion of the interior floor. The interior also shelters Mandel’shtam N. With a diameter of 25.28 kilometers, Mandel’shtam N is found along the south-southwestern inner edge. Mandel’shtam R, with a diameter of 54.02 kilometers, breaches its parent’s rim to the west-southwest. Mandel’shtam T, with a diameter of 36.22 kilometers, lies in the parent crater’s interior and hugs Mandel’shtam R’s northeastern edge.

Mandel’shtam Q emerges to the southwest of its parent crater. Its diameter measures 19.68 kilometers.

Mandel’shtam Y anchors at its parent’s northern edge. Its diameter measures 32.48 kilometers.

Small, rayed Mandel’shtam F, with a diameter of 15.39 kilometers, lies to its parent’s east. With a diameter of 28.56 kilometers, Mandel’shtam G clings to Mandel’shtam F’s southern edge.

Mandel’shtam Crater honors Belarusian-Jewish Soviet physicist Leonid Isaakovich Mandel’shtam (May 4, 1879-Nov. 27, 1944). The crater’s name received official approval in 1970. The IAU officially approved the letter designations for eight Mandel'shtam satellites in 2006.

The takeaway for Apollo 13’s imaging of Mandel’shtam Crater during the spacecraft’s flight over the moon’s far side is that the mission’s 50-year-old, black-and-white photographs clearly reveal the distinctive crater and some of its satellites along the oblique view’s horizon.

Mandel’shtam Crater (green) nearly attaches to its northeastern neighbor, Papaleksi Crater (upper center right), and parents eight officially named satellites; labels added: via USGS/IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Oblique, northeast-looking view of lunar far side, photographed April 1970 from the Apollo 13 spacecraft, shows Mandel’shtam Crater (center left) at the horizon, south (left) of Papaelski Crater; satellite craters Mandel’shtam A (crater center) and Mandel’shtam R and T (west-southwest rim) are also discernible; NASA image AS13-62-8918: Generally not subject to copyright in the United States; may use this material for educational or informational purposes, including photo collections, textbooks, public exhibits, computer graphical simulations and Internet Web pages; general permission extends to personal Web pages, via NASA Image and Video Library @ https://images.nasa.gov/details-as13-62-8918; NASA Johnson, CC BY-NC 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasa2explore/; Courtesy NASA, Public Domain, via DVIDS Defense Visual Information Distribution Service @ https://www.dvidshub.net/image/752548/apollo-13-mission-image-view-sea-muscovy-mare-moscovienseand-craters-papaleksi-and-spencer-jones

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Marriner, Derdriu. “Apollo 13 Imaged Far Side’s Papaleksi Crater During Lunar Flyby.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, April 15, 2020.
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Marriner, Derdriu. "Apollo 13 Imaged Far Side's Tsiolkovskiy Crater During Lunar Flyby." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, April 8, 2020.
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Marriner, Derdriu. "Apollo 13's Lost Lunar Landing Aimed for April 16 at Fra Mauro Crater." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, April 1, 2020.
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Monday, April 20, 2020

Turandot Was To Be April 25, 2020, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast

Summary: Puccini’s Turandot was to be the April 25, 2020, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast, airing as number 21 in the season’s 23 radio matinees.

In the 2019-2020 Met Opera season, third Met Music Director Yannick Nézet-Séguin conducts three operas, the New Year’s Eve Gala and Met Orchestra concerts at Carnegie Hall: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Sept. 13, 2019

Giacomo Puccini’s Turandot was to be the April 25, 2020, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast, airing at 1 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) and numbering as the 21st of the season’s 23 radio matinees.

Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924) set his musical score for Turandot to an Italian libretto by Italian librettist and music critic Giuseppe Adami (Feb. 4, 1878-Oct. 12, 1946) and Italian dramatist and film and theater critic Renato Simoni (Sept. 5, 1875-July 5, 1952). The libretto’s literary source was Turandot by Venetian playwright Carlo, Count Gozzi (Dec. 13, 1720-April 4, 1806). Gozzi’s play was first performed Jan. 22, 1762, at Teatro San Samuele’s second building, located on rio del Duca in Venice’s San Marco district (sestiere di San Marco).

Gozzi based his five-act commedia dell’arte play upon Les Mille et un Jours (A Thousand and One Days) by French orientalist François Pétis de La Croix (1653-Dec. 4, 1713). Pétis de La Croix published his five-volume collection of Persian fairy tales between 1710 and 1712. The sources for Pétis de La Croix’s collection were Hazar Yek Ruz (One Thousand One Days), which he acquired from a Dervish named Mocles in the 1670s, and Haft Paykar (Seven Beauties) by 12th-century Persian Sunni Muslim poet Nizami Ganjavi (ca. 1141-March 12, 1209).

Puccini suffered a fatal heart attack before completing Turandot. His publisher, Casa Ricordi, assigned completion of the opera to Italian composer Franco Alfano (March 8, 1875-Oct. 27, 1954).

Puccini’s unfinished Turandot premiered April 25, 1926, at stylish Milan’s Teatro alla Scala in north central Italy’s Lombardy region. Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini (March 25, 1867-Jan. 16, 1957) conducted the premiere. The following night’s performance offered Puccini and Alfano’s Turandot.

The Metropolitan Opera hosted Turandot’s United States premiere on Nov. 16, 1926. Turandot received 12 performances during the 1926-1927 Met Opera season.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season offers 13 performances of Turandot. Eight performances took place in autumn. The season’s first performance happened Thursday, Oct. 3, at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST). The month’s additional seven performances were presented Sunday, Oct. 6, at 3 p.m.; Wednesday, Oct. 9, at 7:30 p.m.; Saturday, Oct. 12, at 1 p.m.; Saturday, Oct. 19, at 12:30 p.m.; Wednesday, Oct. 23, at 7:30 p.m.; Saturday, Oct. 26, at 8:30 p.m.; and Thursday, Oct. 31, at 7:30 p.m.

Five spring performances are offered in April. The month’s performances, scheduled according to Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), take place Thursday, April 9, at 7:30 p.m.; Monday, April 13, at 7:30 p.m.; Friday, April 17, at 8 p.m.; Tuesday, April 21, at 7:30 p.m.; and Saturday matinee broadcast, April 25, at 1 p.m.

Update: The Metropolitan Opera announced via Facebook Thursday, March 12, 2020, the cancellation of the rest of the 2019-2020 season due to the Covid-19 virus pandemic. The Metropolitan Opera Archives Database (MetOpera Database) entry of March 12, 2020, noted the cancellation of 58 performances. Operas affected by the cancellation were identified as La Bohème, La Cenerentola, Così Fan Tutte, Der Fliegende Holländer, Kát'a Kabanová, Madama Butterfly, Manon Lescaut, Maria Stuarda, Simon Boccanegra, Tosca, La Traviata, Turandot and Werther.

Update: The opera company's coronavirus-occasioned closure affected the five of the 13 performances of Turandot scheduled for the 2019-2020 season. The opera's five spring performances, including the Saturday matinee broadcast, were cancelled.

The three-act opera has an estimated run time of 3 hours 2 minutes. Act I runs for 32 minutes. An intermission of 40 minutes follows. Act II is estimated at 43 minutes. An intermission of 28 minutes follows. Act III spans 39 minutes.

Yannick Nézet-Séguin conducts six (Thursday, Oct. 3; Sunday, Oct. 6; Wednesday, Oct. 9; Saturday, Oct. 12; Saturday, Oct. 19; Saturday, Oct. 26) of October’s eight performances. The Metropolitan Opera’s third Music Director made his Metropolitan Opera debut Dec. 31, 2009, in the opera house’s 946th performance of Carmen by French Romantic Era composer Georges Bizet (Oct. 25, 1838-June 3, 1875). During the 2019-2020 Met Opera season, Maestro Nézet-Séguin also conducts Turandot. During the 2019-2020 Met Opera season, the Maestro also conducts Wozzeck by Austrian composer Alban Berg (Feb. 9, 1885-Dec. 24, 1935); the New Year’s Eve Gala; and Werther by French Romantic composer Jules Massenet (May 12, 1842-Aug. 13, 1912).

Marco Armiliato conducts the Wednesday, Oct. 23, and Thursday, Oct. 31, performances. The Italian conductor made his Metropolitan Opera debut Nov. 9, 1998, in the opera house’s 1,048th performance of La Bohème by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924). In the 2019-2020 Met Opera season, Marco Armiliato also conducts Macbeth by 19th-century Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901) and Puccini’s La Bohème.

Carlo Rizzi had been scheduled to conduct all five spring performances. The Italian conductor made his Metropolitan Opera debut Oct. 29, 1993, in the opera house’s 989th performance of Puccini’s La Bohème. During the 2019-2020 Met Opera season, Carlo Rizzi also conducts Verdi’s Simon Boccanegra.

Christine Goerke performed in the title role of the riddling princess in October. The American dramatic soprano made her Metropolitan Opera debut April 3, 1995, in the ensemble role of Woman with Baby in the opera house’s eighth performance of The Ghosts of Versailles by American classical composer John Corigliano (born Feb. 16, 1938).

Nina Stemme had been scheduled to sing the title role in April. The Swedish dramatic soprano made her Metropolitan Opera debut Nov. 24, 2000, as Senta in the opera house’s 140th performance of Der Fliegende Holländer by German composer and librettist Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883).

Eleonora Buratto appears as loyal Liù in seven (Thursday, Oct. 3; Sunday, Oct. 6; Wednesday, Oct. 9; Saturday, Oct. 12; Saturday, Oct. 19; Wednesday, Oct. 23; Thursday, Oct. 31) of October’s eight performances. The Italian soprano made her Metropolitan Opera debut March 4, 2016, as Norina in the opera house’s 136th performance of Don Pasquale by 19th-century Italian bel canto opera composer Gaetano Donizetti (Nov. 29, 1797-April 8, 1848).

Gabriella Reyes sings Liù for the Saturday, Oct. 26, performance. The Nicaraguan-American soprano made her Metropolitan Opera debut Sept. 26, 2018, as the Priestess in the opera house’s 1,163rd performance of Verdi’s Aida.

Hibla Gerzmava had been scheduled to appear as Liù in April. The Abkhazian-Russian operatic soprano made her Metropolitan Opera debut Sept. 28, 2010, as Antonia and Stella in the opera house’s 250th performance of Les Contes d’Hoffmann by German-born French composer Jacques Offenbach (June 20, 1819-Oct. 5, 1880).

Yusif Eyvazov reprises his Met Opera debut role as clever Calàf in October’s first four performances (Thursday, Oct. 3; Sunday, Oct. 6; Wednesday, Oct. 9; Saturday, Oct. 12). The Azerbaijan dramatic tenor made his Metropolitan Opera debut Nov. 7, 2015, as Calaf in the opera house’s 305th performance of Turandot. During the 2019-2020 Met Opera season, Yusif Eyvazov also performs as Hermann in The Queen of Spades by late-Romantic Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (May 7, 1840-Nov. 6, 1893) and as Puccini’s Calàf and Cavaradossi in the New Year’s Eve Gala.

Riccardo Massi sings Calàf in three October performances (Saturday, Oct. 19; Wednesday, Oct. 23; Saturday, Oct. 26). The Italian operatic tenor made his Metropolitan Opera debut Feb. 23, 2012, as Radamès in the opera house’s 1,120th performance of Verdi’s Aida.

Alejandro Roy performs as Calàf for the Thursday, Oct. 31, performance. The Spanish tenor's appearance as Calàf marked his Metropolitan Opera debut.

Marco Berti had been scheduled to sing Calàf in April. The Italian tenor made his Metropolitan Opera debut as Pinkerton in the opera house’s 775th performance of Puccini’s Madama Butterfly.

James Morris sings Timur in all performances. The American bass-baritone made his Metropolitan Opera debut Jan. 7, 1971, as the King in the opera house’s 782nd performance of Verdi’s Aida.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s presentation of Turandot marks the 15th revival of staging by Franco Zeffirelli (Feb. 12, 1923-June 15, 2019). The Italian film, opera and television director and producer debuted his new production of Turandot on March 12, 1987.

Franco Zeffirelli designed the sets for Turandot. His production team comprises Anna Anni and Dada Saligeri as costume designers and Gil Wechsler as lighting designer. Chiang Ching is the production’s choreographer.

The takeaway for Turandot as the April 25, 2020, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast is that Turandot’s riddling opera would have aired as the 21st of 23 weekly radio broadcasts.

In the 2019-2020 Met Opera season, Yusif Eyvazov reprises his Met Opera debut role as Puccini’s Calàf: Yusif Eyvazov Tenor @yusifeyvazovofficial, via Facebook Sept. 30, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

In the 2019-2020 Met Opera season, Yusif Eyvazov reprises his Met Opera debut role as Puccini’s Calàf: Yusif Eyvazov Tenor @yusifeyvazovofficial, via Facebook Sept. 30, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/yusifeyvazovofficial/photos/a.1605927713024693/2502068193410636/

For further information:

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Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=314310

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Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=356109

“Debuts: Arseny Yakovlev, Gabriella Reyes.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357000 Aida {1163} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/26/2018.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357000

“Debuts: Gregory Lorenz, Marco Armiliato.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 331123 La Bohème {1048} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/09/1998.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=331123

"Debuts: Hector Vásquez . . . Christine Goerke . . ." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 319890 The Ghosts of Versailles {8} Metropolitan Opera House: 04/3/1995.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=319890

“Debuts: James Morris, Jacques Cesbron.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 224150 Aida {782} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/7/1971.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=224150

"Debuts: Nina Stemme, Roland Wagenführer." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 333183 Der Fliegende Holländer {140} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/24/2000.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=333183

“Debuts: Yannick Nézet-Séguin . . .” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353274 Carmen {946} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/31/2009.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=353274

helcatj. "The Metropolitan Opera Company 2019-2020 Season." Showcase Opera and Events blog. Aug. 13, 2019.
Available @ https://showcaseoperaandeventsblog.wordpress.com/2019/08/13/the-metropolitan-opera-company-2019-2020-season/

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Fifth Week Has Gluck, Massenet and Puccini.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Oct. 14, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/2019-2020-met-opera-seasons-fifth-week.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Fourth Week Has Gershwin, Massenet and Puccini.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Oct. 7, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/2019-2020-met-opera-seasons-fourth-week.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Second Week Has Gershwin, Massent, Puccini, Verdi.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Sept. 23, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/2019-2020-met-operas-second-week-has.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Third Week Has Gershwin, Puccini and Verdi.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Sept. 30, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/2019-2020-met-opera-seasons-third-week.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2017-2018 Met Opera Season Premiere of Turandot Is Thursday, Oct. 12.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Oct. 2, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/2017-2018-met-opera-season-premiere-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Der Fliegende Holländer Was To Be March 14, 2020, Met Opera Saturday Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, March 9, 2020.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/kata-kabanova-is-may-2-2020-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Káťa Kabanová Was To Be the May 2, 2020, Met Opera Saturday Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, April 27, 2020.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/kata-kabanova-is-may-2-2020-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "La Cenerentola Was To Be March 21, 2020, Met Opera Saturday Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, March 16, 2020.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/orfeo-ed-euridice-is-april-4-2020-met.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Orfeo ed Euridice Was To Be April 4, 2020, Met Opera Saturday Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, March 30, 2020.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/orfeo-ed-euridice-is-april-4-2020-met.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Simon Boccanegra Was To Be April 18, 2020, Met Opera Saturday Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, April 13, 2020.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/simon-boccanegra-is-april-18-2020-met.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Tosca Was To Be April 11, 2020, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, April 6, 2020.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/tosca-is-april-11-2020-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Turandot Is March 24, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, March 19, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/turandot-is-march-24-2018-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Turandot Was To Be April 25, 2020, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, April 20, 2020.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/turandot-is-april-25-2020-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Werther Was To Be March 28, 2020, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, March 23, 2020.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/werther-is-march-28-2020-met-opera.html

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. "In light of the circumstances involving the coronavirus and in consultation with the Office of the Mayor of New York City, we regret to inform our audience that all Met performances have been canceled through March 31, including tonight’s planned performance of La Cenerentola. This Saturday’s Live in HD cinema presentation of Der Fliegende Holländer has also been canceled. Thank you for your understanding. Learn More: www.metopera.org/updates." Facebook. March 12, 2020.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/10163327604920533

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “Kicking off his second season as Met Music Director with a bang, Yannick Nezet-Seguin conducts Turandot, his first Puccini opera with the company. The maestro had his first rehearsals with the Met Orchestra this week for the composer's epic final masterpiece. Opening October 3: bit.ly/2lRb2vW Photo by Jonathan Tichler / Met Opera.” Facebook. Sept. 13, 2019.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10162448932340533/

“New Production: Turandot.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 287710 New Production Turandot {132} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/12/1987.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=287710

"Season Cancellation." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357448 Season Cancellation March 12-May 9, 2020. Metropolitan Opera House: 03/12/2020.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357448

“United States Premiere: Turandot.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 94190 United States Premiere Turandot {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/16/1926.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=94190

Woolfe, Zachary. "The Metropolitan Opera Season That Vanished." The New York Times > Arts > Music. May 13, 2020.
Available @ https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/13/arts/music/metropolitan-opera-coronavirus.html

Yusif Eyvazov Tenor @yusifeyvazovofficial. “Final dress rehearsal of 'TURANDOT' at the The Metropolitan Opera. Looking forward to the opening night on 3 October. . . .” Facebook. Sept. 30, 2019.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/yusifeyvazovofficial/photos/a.1605927713024693/2502068193410636/